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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medication is the initial treatment of choice for ADHD. They have a track record of a high response, good tolerance, and safety throughout the entire life span. It is essential to choose the dosage and medication that eases your child's or your own symptoms without causing adverse effects. It can take a lot of trial and error, as and a clear communication with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are substances that boost activity in the central nervous system. Students and artists, athletes, workers, and others use them to boost their performance and cognitive abilities. They are also used in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and binge eating disorder, and other anxiety disorders. The most common stimulant medications are amphetamines and methylphenidates. FDA-approved prescription stimulants come in both prolonged-release and immediate-release formulations. Immediate-release pills are usually taken every 4 hours. They can cause an abrupt, short-term drop in energy known as a crash once they have worn off. The crash may cause extreme hunger, mood swings and fatigue. Immediate-release medication can also increase heart rate and blood pressure in certain people, particularly when they don't eat enough. Extended-release drugs are designed to release active ingredients over a period of 8-16 hours. Your doctor may recommend this type of medication if you want long-lasting symptom control without having to take a pill multiple times a day. Methylphenidate products that fall into the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Another option is the long-acting methylphenidate patch, known as Daytrana, which sticks to the skin like a bandage and lasts throughout the day. This kind of medication can be prescribed to adults who have ADHD and need daily doses that last longer than immediate-release options. The use of stimulants doesn't cure ADHD, but they can assist in managing symptoms by improving the way neurons in the brain communicate with one other. By blocking or binding their receptors they can affect the levels of neurotransmitters, like norepinephrine and dopamine, in the brain. This allows more neurotransmitters be released, and assists in ensuring that messages between neurons are more efficiently transmitted and received. Doctors may prescribe antidepressants in addition to stimulants to treat ADHD. The majority of antidepressants prescribed by doctors for ADHD affect the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in your brain. One class, referred to as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is a good option for people who have depression or anxiety, too. These medications are usually combined with stimulants to boost their effectiveness. Your doctor could also switch between stimulant and a non-stimulant medication in the event that your current medication isn't working or has intolerable side effects. Long-acting Around 70% to 80percent of children and adults with ADHD benefit from stimulants. They reduce symptoms such as fidgeting, talking over others, and losing focus in conversations or in tasks. They also enhance the quality of work and social skills. The stimulant drugs begin to work as soon as they cross the blood-brain barrier, which can take anywhere between 45 and 60 minutes. They boost dopamine and norepinephrine levels between brain cells, which reduces hyperactivity and impulsivity. FDA-approved stimulant medications use two molecules: Methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). These stimulants can trigger negative side effects, such as nausea, loss of appetite and increased blood pressure. They can also trigger headaches and anxiety. They can also make tics more severe and can cause problems sleeping in some people. Long-acting stimulants like Strattera or Wellbutrin, can be used all day and night. Short-acting medicines are only effective for a few hours. They can be used to treat other ailments such as depression or anxiety. most effective adhd medication for adults affect the way your body regulates chemicals called monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases are enzymes which break down dopamine and other neurotransmitters within the brain. When these chemicals aren't eliminated and remain in your body for longer, which affects your thinking and behavior. Long-acting drugs can have less negative effects. Your doctor may prescribe smaller doses, which you take throughout the day. Some stimulants come in extended-release form that you can take once every day. This can be more convenient for some adults, but it's crucial to remember that you take them each day. Other medications have been found to be effective for many people suffering from ADHD, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs are typically prescribed for anxiety or depression however they can also be prescribed for ADHD. Around 70% of people react to these drugs. Bupropion, also referred to as Wellbutrin, is an SSRI approved for ADHD. It was shown to be more effective in a controlled trial than placebos. These medications can cause serious adverse effects, including ringing of the ears anxiety, changes in vision, heart and lung function. Short-acting Stimulant medications work to reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. These are the two chemicals that help people focus and regulate their behavior. They are available in a variety of forms, and each has their own brand name such as Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin and Concerta. There are two primary types of stimulant medicines amphetamines, methylphenidates, and methylphenidates. They all have similar effects, but differ in their duration of action. The methylphenidates have a shorter-lasting effect lasting for up to three hours. Amphetamines, on the other hand have a longer-lasting effect. Certain people are more in their ability to take long-acting stimulant medications than short-acting medications which is why your doctor may prescribe this kind of drug. It is essential to be aware of as much as you can about the medication. This includes any possible side effects, how frequently it should be taken and any warnings. This will make it easier to collaborate with your doctor in figuring out the right medication and dose for you. These medications can also trigger some negative side effects like insomnia or a loss of appetite. If these occur, talk to your doctor about adjusting the dosage or trying different medications. Adults suffering from ADHD, who do not respond to stimulants well, may be treated with non-stimulant drugs. These medications take longer to work but they improve the capacity to pay attention and manage impulses. These medications can be prescribed either alone or in combination. The first of these is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree) It is a stimulant of norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex which regulates the behavior. Another is the guanfacine (brand name Intuniv) is a member to a class of drugs known as alpha agonists. These drugs block reuptake and increasing the level of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was developed to treat high blood pressure, but it also has been proven to help those suffering from ADHD. Combinations There are many drug combinations used by people with ADHD. These include stimulants and depressants such as the guanfacine or clonidine. These drugs may have a calming affect on the brain, and can reduce symptoms such as sleeplessness and aggressive behaviour. They also prevent withdrawal symptoms from stimulants. This combination can be dangerous but only should it not be used correctly. Serotonin Syndrome is a medical emergency that occurs when there is too much serotonin in the body. This combination can also increase the blood pressure and heart rate. The risks of using this drug are higher for those who have pre-existing conditions such as high blood pressure or heart disease. Young adults and teens are increasingly using stimulant combinations. These substances are often called “legal highs” and are sold in pharmacies. They are also sold on the black market. These substances can be dangerous particularly when combined with alcohol or other drugs. Polydrug use can be dangerous. Mixing drugs can result in dangerous and unpredictable effects, such as increased heart rate, slowed breathing, hallucinations, paranoia, seizures and addiction. A study found that combination therapy was more effective than monopharmacotherapy for treating ADHD. Combined medication improved compliance and allowed patients to get better relief from symptoms than monotherapy. However some patients halted their treatment due to side effects. In some instances, the medication has been stopped due to sleep problems or worsening of tics. This could be because of a poor diagnosis or lack of access to medications. Nonstimulants are a different treatment option for ADHD. They can enhance the quality of attention and impulse control however they don't work like stimulants do. They are also less likely to inhibit growth and alter appetite. Certain antidepressants are also prescribed for ADHD. However, they have a smaller chance of improving concentration and focus. In a number of studies, atomoxetine (Concerta), when combined with methylphenidate, produced better results than any other drug taken on its alone. Combining these two medications improved adherence and reduced the risk of adverse reactions for a majority of people. The combination was effective for adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a feasible option for children with severe ADHD.